We speak to a psychiatrist to find out why medication is sometimes prescribed to children with ADHD, how it works, and if it’s possible to be under or overmedicated.
Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most commonly diagnosed developmental disorders in children. In fact, it’s found that up to five percent of children in Singapore are affected by ADHD.
A common misconception of ADHD is that of a kid who ‘can’t sit still’. But here’s the thing – not all children who are diagnosed with ADHD display hyperactivity; nor do all of them have inattention and impulsivity symptoms too. There are many subtypes of ADHD, and it’s important to know that it’s not a one-size-fits-all diagnosis.
As such, treatment for ADHD can vary as well according to the severity of a child’s symptoms. Sometimes, behavioural interventions and psychotherapy may suffice; but there are also times when a psychiatrist would recommend medication along with therapy as part of the treatment plan.
As with most mental health medication, there are concerns about the risk it presents – especially so when it concerns children. Is medication really necessary; what are the side effects; and just how much medication is considered ‘enough’? We had the chance to pose these burning questions to Dr. Adrian Loh, a Medical Director and Senior Consultant in Child, Adolescent, and General Psychiatry at Promises Healthcare.
How do ADHD medications work?
According to Dr. Loh, ADHD medications are used to improve the activity of neurotransmitters (think of these as your brain’s chemical ‘messengers’) in brain areas that are responsible for attention and self-control. “When used under an expert’s guidance, ADHD medications can make a huge difference in children with ADHD by helping them focus, stay organised, and manage impulsive behaviours; allowing them to harness their potential and flourish,” he added.
But not all children who are diagnosed with ADHD will be prescribed medication. Dr. Loh explained that medication is recommended when symptoms are severe or when it endangers a child. “For example, some children who are extremely hyperactive and impulsive are often at increased risk of getting into accidents and fights. So there is an actual safety benefit for them to start medication,” he elaborated.
The good and bad of ADHD medications
Yes, all medications have potential side effects, including ADHD medications, where common side effects include reduced appetite and difficulty sleeping. However, it’s very likely that the benefits of ADHD medications may outweigh its risks.
“The good thing about ADHD medications’ side effects is that they are largely considered to be mild, and would mostly wear off on that day itself. These side effects can also be managed with the help of the child’s psychiatrist and mental health care provider,” Dr. Loh pointed out.
But perhaps the best part is that medication doesn’t interfere with the strengths of children with ADHD, such as divergent thinking. Children with ADHD process the world differently, which allows them to excel in fields that prize creativity and innovation. Dr. Loh shared, “Children with ADHD who are on medication are still capable of divergent. However, there is much inter-individual variation in this regard. For some children, medication can enhance their strength in this area; but medication may dampen it for some. But rest assured, there are dosing regimes that can help reduce the unwanted effects.”
Is it possible to overmedicate or undermedicate a child with ADHD?
Worried about overmedicating your kiddo? Medication is sometimes necessary to help kids focus and ease their symptoms. To this, Dr. Loh explained that a psychiatrist will trial different medications and dosages to help each child meet their needs.
At the same time, he also brought up the risks should a child with ADHD be undermedicated. “If left untreated or suboptimally treated, a child’s ADHD condition will result in persistent symptoms. This will then lead to emotional distress and social difficulties not just for the child, but those around them as well. Various studies have shown that long term undermedication coincides with higher rates of accidents, substance abuse, and criminal behaviour,” he said.
Professional support is always available for families who struggle with ADHD
Whether you’re seeking support for your child who’s diagnosed with ADHD, or you’re considering psychological testing for them – Promises Healthcare’s team is ready to help. You can get in touch with the clinic, or find out more about its ADHD-related services and treatments via its website.
This post is in partnership with Promises Healthcare.
